Books

1. al-Azmeh, A., Akdedian, H. and Dukhan, H. (eds.) (2024) Spoils of War in the Arab East: Reconditioning Society and Polity in Conflict (Bloomsbury).

2.  Dukhan, H. (2019) State and Tribes in Syria: Informal Alliances and Conflict Patterns Abingdon:

Journal Articles

1. Dukhan, H (2025): Evolving British Foreign Policy in the Syrian Conflict: A Neoclassical Realist Perspective (2011-2019), (Under Review).

2. Singh, D., & Dukhan, H. (2025). From Libya to Syria: Assessing the Impact of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine on Global Intervention Strategies. Global Responsibility to Protect, 1(aop), 1-32.

3. Dukhan, H. & Hawat, S. (2024). Memory, fear, and manipulated sectarianism: Exploring Christian views and intercommunal dynamics in Al‐Hasakah amidst the Syrian uprising. Digest of Middle East Studies, 33(3), 210-224.

4. Dukhan, H. & Hassan, M. (2024). Explaining Sectarian Dynamics in the Syrian Governorate of Deir Ezzor Through the Lens of Instrumentalism and Historical Sociology. Middle East Law and Governance, 1.aop, 1-21.

5. Dukhan, H. (2024). Processes of Cohesion and Fragmentation among Arab Tribes During the Syrian Civil War. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 26(4), 452-466.

6.  Dukhan, H. (2022). From shame to pride: The politics of shawi identity in contemporary Syria. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 15(4), 377-384.

7.  Dukhan, H. (2023). Tribal mobilisation forces in Iraq: Subtleties of formation and consequential power dynamics. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 50(5), 1337-1351.

8.  Dukhan, H. (2022). Tribal mobilisation during the Syrian civil war: The case of al-Baqqer brigade. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 33(7), 1216-1235.

9.  Dukhan, H. (2022). The end of the dialectical symbiosis of national and tribal identities in Syria. Nations and Nationalism, 28(1), 141-153.

10.  Dukhan, H. (2021). The politics of tribalization in Syria. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 53(3), 502-506.

11.  Dukhan, H. (2023). The ISIS massacre of the Sheitat tribe in Der ez-Zor, August 2014. Journal of Genocide Research, 25(1), 113-121.

12.  Dukhan, H. & Alkheder, M. (2017): “A Thematic Analysis of Vocal Hymns (Nasheeds) by the So-Called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)”, Journal for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies, Vol 11, No 1, pp.143-152.

13.  Dukhan, H. (2014): “Tribes and Tribalism in the Syrian Uprising”, Syria Studies Journal, Vol 6, No 2, pp. 1-28.

14.  Dukhan, H. (2014): “Development-Induced Displacement among Syria's Bedouin”, Nomadic Peoples Journal, Vol 18, No 1, pp.61-79.

 

Book Chapters

1. Dukhan, H., Hawat, S., & Hassan, M. (2025). Beyond Alawites and Sunnis: The sectarian mosaic of Deir ez-Zor and al-Hassakah. In R. Hinnebusch & M. Valbjørn (Eds.), Sectarianism and the Civil War in Syria.

2.  Dukhan, H. (2024): “Devolution of State Power in Syria and Iraq: Tribal Auxiliaries from the Margins to the Centre”, chapter in al-Azmeh, A., Akdadian, H. and Dukhan, H. (eds.) (2023) Spoils of War in the Arab East: Reconditioning Society and Polity in Conflict (Bloomsbury, 2024).

3. Dukhan, H. & Belcastro, F. (2023) "Tribes and proxy wars in the Middle East in the Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars edited by Assaf Moghadam, Vladimi Ruta and Michal Wyss."

4. Dukhan, H. (2022) “Tribes at War: The Struggle for Syria”, chapter in “Actors and Dynamics in the Syrian Conflict's Middle Phase Between Contentious Politics, Militarization and Regime Resilience” Edited By Jasmine K. Gani, Raymond Hinnebusch, London, Routledge.

5. Dukhan, H. (2016): “From Reform to Revolt, Bashar al-Assad and the Arab Tribes in Syria”, Pastoralist Livelihoods in Asian Drylands: Environment, Governance and Risk, Ariell Ahearn and Troy Sternberg with Allison Hahn, Cambridge: White Horse Press.

Policy Reports

1.  Dukhan, H. (2025). Winds of change: Iraq and Syria in the aftermath of Assad. Harmoon Center for Contemporary Studies. https://www.harmoon.org/en/researches/iraq-and-syria/

2. Khalaf, R., McGee, T. & Dukhan, H. (2024). "Navigating the impact of conflict on Syria’s ethnic, religious, and tribal communities (2011-2024)." Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Available from: https://www.kas.de/en/web/libanon/single-title/-/content/navigating-the-impact-of-conflict-on-syria-s-ethnic-religious-and-tribal-communities-2011-2024

3. Aldoughli, R. & Dukhan, H. (2024). "Ambivalent loyalty and dissonance: Alawite community dynamics amidst the Syrian war." Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Available from: https://www.kas.de/en/web/libanon/single-title/-/content/ambivalent-loyalty-and-dissonance-alawite-community-dynamics-amidst-the-syrian-war

4. Dukhan, H. (2024). "America in Syria: Local perspectives, long-term impacts." Oxford House Research. Available from: https://www.oxfordhouseresearch.com/america-in-syria-local-perspectives-long-term-impacts/

5. Dukhan, H. Alhammad, A. & Shaar, K. (2021) “The Kin Who Count: Mapping Raqqa’s Tribal Topology” Middle East Institute, 24 March 2021. Available from: https://www.mei.edu/publications/kin-who-count-mapping-raqqas-tribal-topology

6. Dukhan, H. (2020) “How the Islamic State Commandeers Syrian Tribal Networks: The Case Study of Saddam al-Jamal” Jamestown Foundation, 4 April 2021. Available from: https:https://jamestown.org/program/how-islamic-state-commandeers-syrian-tribal-networks-the-case-study-of-saddam-al

7.  Dukhan, H. & Osann, T. (2020) “Local Approaches to IDP Return and Reintegration of Internally Displaced in Deir Ez-zur and al-Hasakah, Northeast Syria” Washington, D.C.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

8. Dukhan, H., Kostrz, M., Neirat, O. (2017) “Political Economy of Value Chains in Southern Syria. Tribal & Armed Group Influence on Dairy, Cattle Feed and Olive Oil Value Chains” Washington, D.C.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Book Reviews

1. Dukhan, H. (2024). "Review of 'The Urbanization of Forced Displacement: UNHCR, Urban Refugees, and the Dynamics of Policy Change'. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 40(1), 1–3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41424

2. Haian Dukhan (2021): Review of “Social change in Syria Family, Village and Political Party”, Contemporary Levant, DOI: 10.1080/20581831.2021.1972553

3. Dukhan, H. (2020) “Review of ‘Joking About Jihad: Comedy and Terror in the Arab World’" LSE Middle East Blog. 10 August 2020. Available from: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2020/08/10/book-review-joking-about-jihad-by-gilbert-ramsay-and-moutaz-alkheder/

4. Dukhan, H. (2020) “Review of ‘Tribes and Global Jihadism’ Middle East Monitor. 30 July 2020. Available from: https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200730-tribes-and-global-jihadism/

Short Articles for Research Centres and Media Outlets

1. H.Dukhan., & Neep, D. (2024). Beyond Assad: The rise of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham and Syria’s uncertain future (R. D. Rossoukh, Ed.). Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis University. https://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/crown-conversations/cc-24.html

2. H.Dukhan. (2024). "Researching sects and tribes in the Syrian conflict: Positionality and methodological challenges." SEPAD (University of Lancaster). Available from: https://www.sepad.org.uk/announcement/researching-sects-and-tribes-in-the-syrian-conflict-positionality-and-methodological-challenges

3. H. Dukhan (2023): Opportunistic Strategies in Times of Crisis: The Syrian Government’s Pursuit of Power and Recognition Amidst Civil War, Manar Magazine,  Cambridge Middle East and North Africa Forum (MENAF) https://manaramagazine.org/2023/05/opportunistic-strategies-in-times-of-crisis-the-syrian-governments-pursuit-of-power-and-recognition-amidst-civil-war/

4. H.Dukhan (2023): Massacre as a Weapon of Terror: The Case of ISIS and the Sheitat tribe in Syria, Teesside Criminology and Criminal Justice https://blogs.tees.ac.uk/criminology/2023/02/23/massacre-as-a-weapon-of-terror-the-case-of-isis-and-the-sheitat-tribe-in-syria/

5. H.Dukhan. and Aljasem, A. (2022) The Syrian Regime’s Instrumentalization of Tribes as a Legitimacy Tool in Aleppo, American Political Association (MENA), Vol. 5 Issue 1 https://apsamena.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/APSA_MENA_Spring-2022.pdf

6.  H.Dukhan (2022): From Syria to Ukraine: Why desperate mercenaries fight for Putin. https://www.harmoon.org/en/reports/from-syria-to-ukraine-why-desperate-mercenaries-fight-for-putin/

7.  H.Dukhan (2022): Russia and America: Holding Ground in Syria. https://www.harmoon.org/en/reports/russia-and-america-holding-ground-in-syria/

8. H.Dukhan. Serra, G. (2021): COP26: Syria is a warning of climate disaster that region cannot ignore. https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/cop26-syria-climate-change-lesson-cannot-ignore

9.  H. Dukhan, (2021): America Withdrew from Afghanistan—Is Syria Next?, 25 October 2021, the National Interest,  https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/america-withdrew-afghanistan%E2%80%94-syria-next-194795

10. H. Dukhan, (2021): Oil and water: what the ‘war on terror’ missed, 4 October 2021, Asia Times, https://asiatimes.com/2021/10/oil-and-water-what-the-war-on-terror-missed/

11.  H. Dukhan (2021): “My Syrian past and the privilege of a vote in Scotland at next month's election, The National Scotland, 25 April 2021. Available from: https://www.thenational.scot/news/19257197.syrian-past-privilege-vote-scotland-next-months-election/

12. H. Dukhan, & Alhammad, A. (2021) “Iran’s Network of Influence among Syrian Tribes” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 6 April 2021. Available from: https:// https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/irans-growing-network-influence-among-eastern-syrian-tribes

13. Dukhan, H. (2021) “Damascus or Dar'a? The Rural-Urban Divide in the Syrian Conflict” The Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs at Georgetown University, 23 March 2021. Available from: https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/responses/damascus-or-dar-a-the-rural-urban-divide-in-the-syrian-conflict

14. Dukhan, H. & Alhammad, A. (2021) “Fragmentation and perceived bias: The shortcomings of US policy towards tribes in Syria” Atlantic Council, 20 January 2021. Available from: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/fragmentation-and-perceived-bias-the-shortcomings-of-us-policy-towards-tribes-in-syria/

15. Dukhan, H. (2020) “How the Islamic State Commandeers Syrian Tribal Networks: The Case Study of Saddam al-Jamal” Jamestown Foundation, 4 April 2021. Available from: https:https://jamestown.org/program/how-islamic-state-commandeers-syrian-tribal-networks-the-case-study-of-saddam-al jamal/?fbclid=IwAR00FtMbvTAFooHzW3XH0xsrMC-zB8yPSg29nE-EUBVbXg3nqhUMcgpyLAQ

16. Dukhan, H. (2020) “Trusted networks: How the Assad regime subverts clan ties in Daraa” Middle East Institute, 18 November 2021. Available from: https://www.mei.edu/publications/trusted-networks-how-assad-regime-subverts-clan-ties-daraa

17. Chatty, D. and H. Dukhan (2020) “The civil war is threatening an ancient way of life in Syria” al-Jazeera English, 30 August 2020. Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2020/8/30/the-civil-war-is-threatening-an-ancient-way-of-life-in-syria

18. Dukhan, H. and H. Ali (2020) “A Trilogy of Tragedy: The Burning of Palmyra Oasis” The Aleppo Project, Central European University, 29 May 2020. Available from: https://www.thealeppoproject.com/a-trilogy-of-tragedy-the-burning-of-palmyra-oasis/

19. Dukhan, H. (2019) “Tribal Sponsorships Help Syrian Families Out of ISIS Camps, But Challenges Remain” Chatham House, December 2019. Available from: https://syria.chathamhouse.org/research/tribal-sponsorships-help-syrian-families-out-of-isis-camps-but-challenges-remain

20. Dukhan, H. (2019) “Pro-regime Militias and ISIS Militants Stand Against the Return of Palmyra’s People” Chatham House, September 2019. Available from: https://syria.chathamhouse.org/research/pro-regime-militias-and-isis-militants-stand-against-the-return-of-palmyras-people

21. Dukhan, H. (2019) “Arab gripes pose challenges for Syrian Kurds’ control” Oxford Analytica. Available from: https://dailybrief.oxan.com/Analysis/DB245824/Arab-gripes-pose-challenges-for-Syrian-Kurds-control

22. Dukhan, H. (2019) “Syria: attempts by Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey to co-opt Arab tribes will deepen the country’s divisions” The Conversation, 17 July 2019. Available from: https://theconversation.com/syria-attempts-by-saudi-arabia-iran-and-turkey-to-co-opt-arab-tribes-will-deepen-the-countrys-divisions-119402

23. Dukhan, H. (2018) “Critical analysis of attempts to co-opt the tribes in Syria” Middle East Centre, London School of Economics, 2 May 2019. Available from: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/crp/2019/05/02/critical-analysis-of-attempts-to-co-opt-the-tribes-in-syria/

24. Dukhan, H. (2018) “Rivals Will Use Tribes to Destablise Syria’s Raqqa” Oxford Analytica. 16 October 2018. Available from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/OXAN-DB239205/full/html

25. Dukhan, H. (2018) “The Syrian Civil War: What role do tribal loyalties play?” Middle East Centre, London School of Economics, 13 July 2018. Available from: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2018/07/13/the-syrian-civil-war-what-role-do-tribal-loyalties-play/

26.  Dukhan, H. (2017) “Who are the Tadamera? Modern Life Among the Ruins of Palmyra” Bergen University. Available from: https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/16270

27. Dukhan, H. (2015) “The Islamic State: Balancing the Islamic and the Tribal Identity” Eye Magazine, 7, The International Academic Forum. 27 May 2015. Available from: https://issuu.com/iafor/docs/eye_magazine_issue_7

28. Dukhan, H. (2014) “Tribes and the Islamists in Modern Syria: A Short Introduction” Centre for Syrian Studies, University of St Andrews. Available from: http://media.wix.com/ugd/fb1673_2d9d2119177745e797510148af3cfa83.pdf

29. Dukhan, H. and S. Hawat (2014) “The Islamic State and the Arab Tribes in Eastern Syria” E-International Relations, 31 December 2014. Available from: https://www.e-ir.info/2014/12/31/the-islamic-state-and-the-arab-tribes-in-eastern-syria/

30.  Dukhan, H. (2013) “Syria’s Security Implications for Israel: Advantage of a Stalemate” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 5 September 2013. Available from: https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/52872

31. Dukhan, H. (2013) “Syria and the Risk of Somalisation” Open Democracy, 19 January 2013. Available from: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/syria-and-risk-of-somalisation/